Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Meursault Is An Absurdism - 1499 Words

In a universe full of chaos and injustice, society imposes an unspoken order in attempt to control the unknown. Everything must have an explanation, whether justified through social, scientific, or religious means. This notion creates expectations for how people should emotionally respond to events around them. However, when one does not conform to these expectations, a complex conflict arises between that individual and the surrounding society. The Stranger, a translated novella by Albert Camus, takes place in the early 1940s and revolves around Meursault, a French Algerian. Developed through a presentation of his own thoughts, it grows clear that Meursault is an absurdist. He believes that his actions lack significance, refuses to†¦show more content†¦The funeral director is the first to discuss this with him, critically stating, â€Å"You don’t have to justify yourself, my dear boy. I’ve read your mother’s file,† (Camus 4). By leaving Maman under the care of the senior home, Meursault should feel guilty for his actions since he was his mother’s â€Å"sole support† (Camus 4). However, he feels no guilt, similar to how he lacks any sentiment of sorrow during the processions. Individuals of society are conditioned to have a specific pattern of emotional responses elicited by inevitable yet critical life events. Regardless of whether genuinely affected or not, all are expecte d to conform to these behaviors. Thus, it is what Meursault does not do that makes his character such a prominent cause of concern in the context of the literary work. The absence of an emotional relationship with Maman develops justification as to why Meursault did not cry at her funeral, nor feel culpability for placing her in the nursing home. Camus develops the social outcast aspect of his character through these instances of defiance to social rituals. It is significant to consider how although Meursault s preoccupations are unusual, he still runs through the motions of cultural norms. He attends the funeral, has a girlfriend, and enjoyed the companionship of his friend Raymond. The real threat of hisShow MoreRelatedCamus Philosophical View Of Absurdism In Meursaults The Stranger1175 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter Meursault. No opening sentences of the novel and body somersaults absurdist outlook on life, his emotional indifference and detachment to people, and his passive be quiet alienation from the rest of society. he doesnt even know which day his mother died and to him it, ‘doesnt mean anything’ anyway. Throughout this novel camus explains to us through the actions of his main character, what he meant by the game. Along with that, Camus portrayal of the philosophical view of absurdism, and lastlyRead MoreThe Topic of Defiance of Societal Rules in The Stranger Through Absurdism1018 Words   |  5 Pageswhat extent does the topic of defiance of societal rules in The Stranger convey the theme of Absurdism in the novel? The sub-themes of femininity, individuality, and isolation connect to the overarching theme of absurdism as an acceptable way to live life. Albert Camus conveys the idea of Absurdism throughout the novel through the main characters. The Stranger is written from the perspective of Meursault, a young male with an absurdist mind-set. From the beginning of the novel his indifference toRead MoreThe Death Of A Free Man1454 Words   |  6 PagesAfter committing murder, Meursault was arrested and put in jail. While in jail, he had to see the magistrate a few times, and in those visits he found himself being irritated because of the heat. As Meursault was being questioned, he felt the air â€Å"getting hotter and hotter† (Camus 69), and it creates a mood of irritation. He did not want to hear anymore of the imposing tirade given by the magistrate. Then Meursault stated that he â€Å"could see the red sand and feel the burning of the sun on [his] forehead†Read MoreLiterary Analysis: How Meursault Is Indifferent in the Stranger, by Albert Camus874 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary analysis: How Meursault is indifferent in The Stranger, by Albert Camus Although Meursault is the title character and narrator of Albert Camus’ short novel The Stranger, he is also a somewhat flat character. His apparent indifferent demeanor may be a convenience to Camus, who mainly wanted to display his ideas of absurdism. And as a flat character, Meursault is not fully delineated: he lacks deep thought and significant change. His purpose is that of a first-person narrator whose actionsRead MoreExistentialism And Absurdism In Jean Paul Camuss The Stranger1389 Words   |  6 PagesCamus’ novel The Stranger exemplifies his philosophy of absurdism. At first glance, it appears to be similar, if not the same, to Jean Paul Sartre’s philosophy of existentialism. However, the two are, in fact, significantly different in thought. While existentialism suggests that a person can create their own meaning in life, absurdism states that the search for significance is foolish because there is none to begin with, but people should still accept (an d indirectly reject) what life has to offerRead MoreAlberts Aimless Absurdity898 Words   |  4 PagesIn Albert Camus’ novella, The Stranger, he exposes his beliefs on absurdism through the narration of Meursault. Camus’ definition of absurdism is a philosophy based on the belief that the universe is illogical and meaningless. Camus, founder of absurdism and French Nobel Prize winning author, sends the reader his underlying theme that life is meaningless and has no ulti-mate significance. This underlying theme of life’s absurdity is extremely personal to Camus through his own individual experiencesRead MoreAbsurdism In Albert Camuss The Myth Of Sisyphus1051 Words   |  5 PagesMyth of Sisyphus, Camus). Absurdism asserts that the world is complex and chaotic and that searching for meaning of any kind is futile. This suggests that life itself is meaningless given the indifference of the universe towards human existence. To understand absurdism, one must, as Cam us does, reject all notions of god and allow that the significance of human life is only understood through acceptance of human mortality. This is reflected in the main character, Meursault, as the change in his consciousnessRead MoreAnalysis Of Meursault A Stranger To Society1026 Words   |  5 PagesMeursault, a man living in Algiers, takes a bus to Marengo to attend his mother’s funeral after receiving a telegram. After the funeral, he seems unaffected by her death and he briefly describes his outing with Marie, his co-worker. Later on, he meets Raymond, an abuser of women, and agrees to go with him to his friend’s beach house. There, he gets entangled in a ruthless murder, and is ultimately sentenced to death. During his last hours, Meursault realizes how meaningless and pointless life isRead MoreThe Stranger - Meursaults Trial Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesAfter only a few days of trial, the jury in The Stranger declares that the main character, Meursault, is t o be executed by guillotine in the town square. The trial and its verdict are one of the important parts of the novel, as Albert Camus uses them as a metaphor to summarize the two main tenets of absurdism. Camus uses the trial and persecution of Meursault to express his belief that the justice system is flawed because of his absurdist ideals that truth does not exist, and human life is preciousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Absurd 1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Absurd It is safe to say the idea of absurdism can be linked to meaningless, and other such words that express a destination without the means to there and vice versa. In Camus’ famous fictional novel, he shows how one’s perception of life can be effected when faced with death. The Stranger reflects Camus’ philosophical stance on absurdism. There is no truth, no certainty, or any unwavering, non-relative laws in life. There is no sense in pursuing impossibilities. But if life is in a sense pointless

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Diabetes Mellitus is a Lifelong Condition that Affects...

A lifelong condition, Diabetes mellitus affect the body by not producing the required insulin that is needed affecting glucose in the body. Glucose is a sugar which is required to fuel the cells in the body. Insulin is a hormone made from the beta cells in the pancreas, help the body regulate the sugar need in the body during metabolism. Two main times of diabetes that commonly are affecting known are, Type 1 and Type 2. Known for beginning in childhood, Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where our pancreas is failing in producing insulin due to antibodies damaging our pancreas. Risk factors for type 1 diabetes can start with family history, which is increased if a person has a parent or relative with the disease. Viral exposure can trigger the autoimmune system to affect the cell in the pancreas. symptoms that can be present during high blood sugar are polyphagia, excessive hunger due to lack of nutrition absorption. Polydipsia, excessive thirst due to frequent urination progr essing into dehydration. Polyuria meaning excessive urination due to the kidneys wanting to exceed the large amounts of sugar in the body. Lack of energy due to the deficiency of nutrition needed in the body. Blurry vision and unexpected weight loss. Three diagnosis that can be used for type 1 diabetes. It can start with a FBG where they receive a blood sample early in the morning after being NPO after midnight the night before reading the sugar level on a normal scale of 70-140 mg/dl. A secondShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Diseases That Affect Your Body Uses Blood Sugar1601 Words   |  7 Pages2056 FT030 Diabetes Mellitus Research Paper Annabelle Anglo 03/17/2015 According to Mayo Clinic, â€Å"Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to your health because it s an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It s also your brain s main source of fuel.† (Mayo Clinic, 2005) Diabetes Mellitus has 3 types: Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1Read MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Leading Chronic Disease1102 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading chronic diseases that can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. The four main types of diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other specific types (Darby, 2015, 824). A high rate of periodontal disease has been reported with type 1 and 2 diabetesRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1041 Words   |  5 Pagespaper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016)Read MoreDiabetes Essay examples1471 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes In the United States, an estimated 16 million people have diabetes. Diabetes is a serious lifelong condition. Half the 16 million people who have diabetes do not even realize the condition exists and are not receiving treatment. 798,000 people each year are diagnosed with diabetes. It occurs most often in adults, but it is also one of the most chronic disorder in children. It is estimated that 123,000 children ages 19 and belowRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1039 Words   |  5 Pagespaper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabete s Mellitus,2005-2016)Read MoreNaturally Treating Type Two Diabetes Mellitus1666 Words   |  7 Pages Naturally Treating Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Devon Helton Southeast Kentucky Community and Technical Collegeâ€Æ' Abstract One of the most common diseases today is one that can be found in any country, and affect anyone, regardless of age, sex, race or gender. Type two diabetes mellitus affects millions of people every single day, and the majority of these millions of people will turn to medication for treatment. However, there are certain choices that can be made and actions that can be takenRead MoreThe Development Of Diabetes Mellitus1226 Words   |  5 Pagesmetabolism. Without this hormone, glucose cannot enter body cells and blood glucose levels rise. As a result, the individual may begin to experience symptoms of hyperglycemia. Plainly expressed, this process is the development of diabetes mellitus. â€Å"Numbers have increased in recent years because so many Americans are overweight. Also, testing accuracy has improved, therefore confirming more cases. The number of people with diabetes is expected to double as more people live to middle andRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus is a Lifelong Metabolism Disorder1504 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus is a chronic, lifelong metabolism disorder that affects the ability of the body system to use the energy found in food. Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia)[1].The use of certain parameters that are related to diabetes mellitus diagnosis can be used to enhance the test classification of patients, whether diabetes is present or not.can make diabetes to beRead MoreType 2 Diabetes : A Silent Killer1419 Words   |  6 PagesType 2 diabetes is a silent killer that often has no symptoms. Diabetes is a life-long chronic disease that affects your whole body. Being overweight, eating unhealthy, and not exercising leads to a lot of health complications that may increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle choices such as healthy foods and moderate physical activity are important for an individual to stay healthy. Practicing a healthy lifestyle is essential in preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Read MoreWhat Is Diabetes? Types Of Diabetes Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Is Diabetes? Types Of Diabetes By Harshad Jethra | Submitted On June 05, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Harshad Jethra Diabetes is also referred to as diabetes mellitus, and may

Monday, December 9, 2019

Halloween Creatives Essay Example For Students

Halloween Creatives Essay Halloween It was a dark and stormy Halloween night and Sal and Jess her best friend were at Sals house for the night to watch movies. Knock, Knock, Knock, Sal, someones at the door do you want me to answer it?, Jess yelled to Sal who was upstairs doing her hair in the bathroom. Yeah Cool Jess its probably just some more annoying trick or treaters anyway, replied Sal. Jess got up off the couch and approached the door making sure to peer through the peephole to see who it was. All she could make out were two small dark figures so she guessed they were trick or treaters. She then opened the door just enough so she could have the latch on. Grrrrrrr we are the creatures from hell, screamed the smaller of the two figures. Both the figures were dressed with a bed sheet that had obviously been painted black and thrown over their heads with just two tiny holes where the eyes would be. The other figure then said whats it gunna be lady, trick or treat? Jess opened the door fully now and beckoned them to come inside. Just wait here, she said as she ran up the stairs and into the bathroom where Sal was still combing her hair. Sal what should I give those two boys, asked Jess. I dunno give them one of those chocolate things near the fridge, Sal replied. Jess turned and went back down the stairs into the kitchen to find the bars. Are you still there boys?, she yelled. But there was no reply. Jess stopped and went back to the front door. To her surprise the boys had vanished and there was no sign of them. Fine she thought to herself at least it saves two more chocolate bars for me. Suddenly Jess heard a voice but she didnt know what it said or where it was coming from. Is somebody there?, Jess inquired taking a huge gulp at the same time. Yeah me, replied the voice in a strong tone. Arggghhhhh Jess screamed as she saw a tall man bearing a long sharp knife. Jess turned around and bolted back up the stairs as fast as she could. Sal, Sal thethe theres a huge guy with a knife downstairs, Jess stuttered. What are you on about Jess?, replied Sal. Im serious Sal theres a guy with a knife downstairs and hes gunna kill us, shrieked Jess as the panic set in. Sal was begining to get worried now as she tried to think straight. Now calm down Jess, Sal said softly, There are two of us and only one of him right?, Right!, replied Jess. So all we gotta do is each grab something heavy and go face this guy head to head, explained Sal. Sal slowly began walking out of the bathroom and beckoned Jess to follow. The girls now proceeded along the hall and into Sals room. Sal looked for her baseball bat while Jess ran to Sals brothers room for something she could use to hit this intruder. She found a golf club lying under his bed, grabbed it and ran out the room, her and Sal met just above the stairs. You ready?, she asked, Readier than ill ever be!, Sal replied, not so enthusiasticly. OK, here goes! The two girls now began to make there way downstairs both shivering in terror. Suddenly it all got too much and Jess collapsed and began tumbling down the stairs. She rolled all the way to the bottom dropped her golf club and then landed flat on her back motionless. .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b , .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .postImageUrl , .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b , .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b:hover , .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b:visited , .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b:active { border:0!important; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b:active , .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8ccb236d3836c3c8d1f7ec02e1c8ac9b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Narrative - My Changing Life Essay At that the moment Sal who was standing still in shock noticed a man enter through the front door and move towards Jess brandishing a knife and a briefcase. Sal screamed at the top of her voice you leave my friend alone you bastard, and charged towards the man swinging her bat. Sal had a huge swing but didnt actually connect with the man who was now bent down next to Jess asking her if she was alright. The man then looked up at Sal and said, Wow thats some greeting you two have got there. Sal stopped for a moment and stared at the man with a confused expression. Im Tim Shaw from Demtal Shopping Service and I was wondering whether you girls were interested in purchasing the one and only Tasaki meat knife, explained the man. Jess who was now sitting upright began .

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Philippine Peso Essay Example

Philippine Peso Essay Philippine Peso is the currency of the Philippines. The Central Bank of the Philippines, the Bangko Sentral ny Pilipinas (BSP) administers foreign exchange controls and all other currency problems in the Philippines. The former Marcos government of Philippines, known for its corruption, always aimed at retaining the foreign exchange earnings from traditional exporters. From 1970 to 1984, the Philippines had an intermittent history of multiple rate structure with different rates to foreign exchange transactions for exports, imports and foreign debts, on the basis of a daily Guided Rate.From 1970 till 1973, traditional exporters were required to surrender 80% of the foreign exchange earning at a Official Rate fixed at 3. 9, which is more disadvantageous to exporters than other rates. This requirement was later replaced by a stabilization tax on traditional exports, which also worked to siphon off the gains of traditional exports. (Bautista, 1987) In mid 1980s, with the economic takeoff of the neighbouring Asia-Pacific area, the Philippines witnessed the importance of removing distortions in its economic regimes and opening up the highly protected economy.Read also The Philippine Peso Us Dollar Exchange RateAlso partly due to the 1983 financial crisis, in 1984 the multiple rate structure was abolished. Ever since then, the Philippines has maintained a floating exchange rate regime. An Inter-bank Rate, determined on the basis of supply and demand in the exchange market, has governed all transactions. The authorities intervene in the medium to maintain orderly market conditions and the political objectives. In addition, the Bankers Association maintains a Reference Rate as the Peso-U. S. Dollar convention rate for customs valuation purposes and for computation of import duties/taxies.Major sources of reference include: 1. World Currency Yearbook. (WCY) 2. Annual Report on Exchange Arrangement and Exchange Restriction. (IMF)Â   3. Romeo M. Bautista (1987): Productio n Incentives in Philippine Agriculture: Effects of Trade and Exchange Policies. | Â  | Â  | | Date| Changes to the exchange rate regime| Peso per U. S. Dollar| 8 November 1965| The fluctuating free rate was abolished. (WCY, 1984, p. 614)Â  | 3. 900Â  | 21 February 1970| A multiple rate structure with a Mixed Rate (not explained in WCY) was reinstated based on a controlled, floating Official Free Flucturating Guided Rate. WCY, 1984, p. 614) . The daily Guided Rate was establishedby the Bankers Association. (IMF 1976, p. 369). 80% of foreign exchange earnings from some traditional exports (including copra, sugar, logs, and copper concentrates) were to be surrendered to the Central Bank at the Official Rate of P3. 90 per U. S. Dollar, while the remaining 20% could be sold at the free market rate. (Bautista, 1987, p. 24)Â  | 5. 500Â  | May 1970| The requirement of surrender 80% of export earnings was replaced by a stabilization tax on traditional exports. (Bautista, 1987, p. 4)Â  | Â  | 22 September 1970| Â  | 6. 435Â  | 20 December 1970|The gold content of the Peso was cut 7. 89%, paralleling the U. S. Dollar devaluation. | Â  | 26 April 1972| Â  | 6. 780Â  | 13 February 1973| The gold content of the Peso was cut 10%, in the aftermath of the U. S. Dollar devaluation. (WCY 1984, p. 614)Â  | Â  | 31 December 1974| Â  | 7. 070Â  | 1975| In spot transactions between commercial banks and customers, the maximum and minimum spot buying rates are 0. 5% and 1% below the guiding rate, respectively. The minimum and maximum spot selling rates are 0. 75% and 1. 5 % above the guiding rate, respectively. (IMF 1976, p. 369)Â  | Â  | 31 December 1975| Â  | 7. 510Â  | 31 December 1976| Â  | 7. 440Â  | 1977| For spot transactions in excess of US$100,000 between banks and their customers, the margins are competitively determined. (IMF 1978, p. 331)Â  | Â  | 31 December 1977| Â  | 7. 380Â  | 31 December 1978| Â  | 7. 380Â  | 31 December 1979| Â  | 7. 420 Â  | 31 December 1980| Â  | 7. 600Â  | 31 December 1981| Â  | 8. 200Â  | 31 December 1982| Â  | 9. 170Â  | 23 June 1983| Â  | 11. 000Â  | 5 October 1983| Inter-bank trading in foreign exchange was suspended.The Guided Rate was phased out in favor of a controlled, floating Effective Rate. (WCY 1984, p. 614)Â  | 14. 000Â  | 31 December 1983| Â  | 14. 000Â  | 1984| All spot buying and selling margins were to be determined on a competitive basis. (IMF 1985, p. 400)Â  | Â  | 6 June 1984| The exchange rate system was revised into a de facto multiple rate structure as follows: The Effective Rate applied only to essential imports and interest on the foreign debt. Based on a 10% tax on the purchase of foreign exchange, an exchange for other transactions.An exchange rate for export proceeds. The Black Market Rate was officially recognized as the major source of foreign exchange. (The exchange rate for purchase of exchange in other transactions: 19. 80; Export proceeds were exch anged at P16. 20 per U. S. dollar; The Black Market Rate: P20. 00-P24. 00) (WCY 1985, p. 669)Â  | 18. 000Â  | 10 October 1984| The multiple rate structure was abolished. Inter-bank trading in foreign exchange was resumed. An Interbank Rate, determined on the basis of supply and demand in the exchange market, was to govern all transactions.Authorities intervene when necessary to maintain orderly conditions. (WCY 1990-1993, p. 510) Â  | Â  | 13 December 1984| The Peso-U. S. Dollar guiding rate was abolished. (IMF. 1986. p. 422) Â  | Â  | 31 December 1984| Â  | 19. 760Â  | 29 March 1985| The Central Bank announced that, the reference rate of the Bankers Association should be the Peso-U. S. Dollar conversion rate for customs valuation purposes and for computation of import duties/taxies. (IMF. 1986. p. 422)Â  | Â  | 31 December 1985| Â  | 19. 030Â  | 31 December 1986| Â  | 20. 530Â  | 31 December 1987| Â  | 20. 800Â  | 1 December 1988| Â  | 21. 340Â  | 31 December 1989 | Â  | 22. 440Â  | 13 September 1990| Guidelines were issued that the buying rate for spot transactions must not be less than 1% below the reference rate of the Bankers Association, while the spot selling rate must not be more than 2% above the reference rate.For transactions other than spot, the buying rate must not be less than 1% below the spot buying rate, while the selling rate must not be more than 1% above the spot selling rate. (IMF. 1991, p. 398)Â  | Â  | 31 October 1990| Â  | 28. 000Â  | 31 December 1990| Â  | 28. 000Â  | 8 January 1991| The margins for spot buying and selling rates for commercial reference transactions around the official reference rate were eliminated. (IMF. 1991, p. 400)Â  | Â  | 31 December 1991| Â  | 26. 650Â  | 30 July 1992| A system of eight-hour continuous interbank foreign exchange trading under the Philippine Dealing System (PDS) was introduced. (IMF. 1993, p. 405)Â  | Â  | 31 December 1994| Â  | 24. 418Â  | 31 December 1995| Â   | 26. 214Â  | 15 March 1998| The authorities allowed the Peso to float more freely against the dollar by lifting the volatility bank system.The band include a 6% limit around the exchange rate of the previous day, with trading being suspended for the remainder of the day if the limit was reached. (IMF 1999, p. 683)Â  | Â  | Notes:Throughout the course, the Philippine authority posted an Official Rate of P3. 90 per U. S. Dollar. This rate was originally used for exporters to surrender their exchange earnings to the Central Bank since 1965. However, this rate is now left inoperative since the exporters are not required to render their export earnings any more. (WCY 1986-1987, p. 511)|

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

10 Ideas for Networking

10 Ideas for Networking 10 Ideas for Networking 10 Ideas for Networking By Mark Nichol Whether you’re a staff employee at your workplace, or you’re a home-based freelancer, you’ll benefit from a proactive effort to make yourself a part of a professional or interest-based community. Try one or more of these networking options: 1. Join an online writers’ community or social-networking site. (They abound on the Web; I chose this one as an example because of the clever play on the name of the professional-networking site Linked In.) 2. Become a member of a writers’ union like the Writers Guild of America West or its East Coast counterpart. 3. Sign up with a genre-specific writers’ association, such as the Mystery Writers of America. 4. Form or join a writing group. 5. Look up a site for writers of fan fiction, such as FanFiction.net. 6. Take a writing or literature class or workshop, and keep in touch with the students (and the instructor). 7. Attend writers’ conferences or enroll in an MFA program. 8. Attend (or organize) author events, poetry readings, open mics, and other literary gatherings. 9. Cultivate relationships with editors and with other writers. A rejection letter can be a beginning as well as an ending, and freelance writers (and editors) can pass leads on or hand surplus projects off to each other. 10. Develop your networking skills outside the writing realm by joining a civic or professional organization, volunteering with a nonprofit organization, or getting involved with a club or a hobby group. Networking Tips When attending events or other assemblages, exchange business cards or email addresses with fellow participants, but don’t treat the gatherings like speed-dating nights. Focus on meeting and engaging with no more than several people. It’s all about quality, not quantity, and especially when it comes to recurring events, you’ll always have another opportunity to meet someone you missed before. Writers are stereotyped as being wallflowers. That’s not always true, of course, but stereotypes come from somewhere. If you’re shy, try these strategies: Ask a more outgoing partner or friend to go with you and let them lead you into introductions. Find the most uncomfortable-looking person at the event, note that they’re probably feeling more nervous than you are, and go up to them and smile and say, â€Å"Me, too.† Reassure yourself that you don’t have to say a thing about yourself; let the other person do all the talking (unless they turn the tables on you or become tiresome). Come up with a stock question: â€Å"What’s your favorite novel?† â€Å"What are you reading?† â€Å"How’s your book coming?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesTelling a Good Poem from a Bad OneThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Hawaiian Monk Seal Facts

Hawaiian Monk Seal Facts Most seals live in icy waters, but the Hawaiian monk seal makes its home in the warm Pacific Ocean around Hawaii. The Hawaiian monk seal is one of only two current monk seal species. The other current species is the Mediterranean monk seal, while the Caribbean monk seal was declared extinct in 2008. Native Hawaiians call the seal ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua, which means dog that runs in rough water. The monk seals scientific name, Neomonachus schauinslandi, honors German scientist Hugo Schauinsland, who discovered a monk seal skull on Laysan Island in 1899. Fast Facts: Hawaiian Monk Seal Scientific Name: Neomonachus schauinslandi  Common Names: Hawaiian monk seal, Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua (dog that runs in rough water)Basic Animal Group: MammalSize: 7.0-7.5 feetWeight: 375-450 poundsLife Span: 25-30 yearsDiet: CarnivorousHabitat: Pacific Ocean around the Hawaiian IslandsPopulation: 1,400Conservation Status: Endangered Description The monk seal gets its common name for the short hairs on its head, which are said to resemble those of a stereotypical monk. It is earless and lacks the ability to turn its hind flippers under its body. The Hawaiian monk seal is distinguishable from the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) by its slender body, gray coat, and white belly. It also has black eyes and a short whiskered snout. Habitat and Distribution Hawaiian monk seals live in the Pacific Ocean around the Hawaiian Islands. Most of the breeding populations occur in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, although monk seals are also found in the main Hawaiian Islands. The seals spend two-thirds of their time at sea. They haul-out to rest, molt, and give birth. Diet and Behavior The Hawaiian monk seal is a reef carnivore that preys on bony fish, spiny lobster, eels, octopus, squid, shrimp, and crabs. Juveniles hunt during the day, while adults hunt at night. Monk seals usually hunt in water ranging from 60-300 feet deep, but have been known to forage below 330 meters (1000 feet). Monk seals are hunted by tiger sharks, Galapagos sharks, and great white sharks. Reproduction and Offspring Hawaiian monk seals mate in the water between June and August. In some breeding colonies, there is a much higher number of males than females, so mobbing of females occurs. Mobbing can lead to injuries or death, further skewing the sex ratio. Gestation takes about nine months. The female monk seal gives birth on the beach to a single pup. While they are solitary animals, females have been known to care for pups born to other seals. Females stop eating during nursing and remain with the pups. At the end of six weeks, the mother leaves the pup and returns to the sea to hunt. Females reach maturity around age 4. Researchers are not certain of the age at which males become mature. Hawaiian monk seals can live 25 to 30 years. While nursing, a female seal stops eating and remains with her pup. Thessa Bugay / FOAP / Getty Images Threats Hawaiian monk seals face numerous threats. Natural threats include habitat reduction and degradation, climate change, skewed gender ratios, and low juvenile survival rates. Human hunting has resulted in extremely low genetic diversity within the species. Monk seals die from entanglement in debris and fishing gear. Introduced pathogens, including toxoplasmosis from domestic cats and leptospirosis from humans, have infected some seals. Even minimal human disturbance causes seals to avoid beaches. Overfishing has led to reduced prey abundance and increased competition from other apex predators. Conservation Status The Hawaiian monk seal is a conservation-reliant endangered species. This status indicates that human intervention is essential to the monk seals survival, even if its population becomes self-sustaining. According to the IUCN Red List, only 632 mature individuals were identified on the species last assessment in 2014. In 2016, there was an estimated total of 1,400 Hawaiian monk seals. Overall, the population is in decline, but the smaller population of seals living around the main Hawaiian islands is growing. Disturbing a Hawaiian monk seal is illegal. Violators face a hefty fine. Teresa Short / Getty Images The Recovery Plan for the Hawaiian Monk Seal aims to save the species by increasing awareness of the seals plight and intervening on its behalf. The plan includes increased monitoring of seal population, vaccination programs, dietary supplementation, protecting pups, and relocation of some animals to better habitats. Hawaiian Monk Seals and Humans In 2008, the monk seal was designated the state mammal of Hawaii. The animals sometimes haul-out onto beaches that may be frequented by tourists. This is normal behavior. Seal and other marine mammals are protected, so while it may be tempting to get close to take a picture, this is prohibited. Take photos from a safe distance and be sure to keep dogs far away from the seal. Sources Aguirre, A.; T. Keefe; J. Reif; L. Kashinsky; P. Yochem. Infectious disease monitoring of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 43 (2): 229–241, 2007. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.229Gilmartin, W.G. Recovery plan for the Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1983.Kenyon, K.W. and D.W. Rice. Life History Of the Hawaiian Monk Seal. Pacific Science. 13, July, 1959.Perrin, William F.; Bernd Wursig; J. G. M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. p. 741, 2008. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.  Schultz, J. K.; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi). Journal of Heredity. 1. 100 (1): 25–33, 2009. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn077

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Role of Labor Unions in Modern States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of Labor Unions in Modern States - Essay Example Although post World War political scenario in the US witnessed remarkable growth of labor unions, their prominence has been diminishing for the past few decades. However, the existence of labor unions seems democratic and they have undeniable role in forming welfare policies in a modern state. To begin with, ‘a labor union is a group of workers who have chosen to band together to promote their common interests.’ (Mauer, 2001 p.5). Although the structure of unions varies, their common interests are almost same; they stand for pay rise, occupational safety; prevention of unfair dismissal etc. ‘Collective bargaining’ is the strength of a labor union which helps workers to negotiate their demands with their employers. Although the structure and decision making process vary from union to union, there are certain basic features that all unions have in common. â€Å"The heart and soul of any union is its members, and they are pulled together by a network of first-line union representatives† (Mauer, p.13). Some unions are independent and only involve in there own workplace issues. They choose their own leaders in workplace, design strategies, and take collective actions according to the circumstances. In contrast, there are many unions which have a ffiliation with big labor organizations.

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Application for scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application for scholarship - Essay Example Features of mathematics and its ‘divine’ principles have always haunted my leisure times. Some specific conundrums that I find appealing include phi constant and the magic squares. Based on my love for math I have selected an Associate Degree in Math, and later Masters in Statistics as a worthwhile course to study, as it alone can quench my thirst to break into the fields of math. In reality Statistics is a course which lures many into its realms, but only a few diligent personalities in the end, can climb the stairs to reach the top of the building of success, a dream which I have been looking forward to fulfill since the last five years. All work and no play make (writer) a dull boy. Certainly, but this is not true in my case as for me sports is the medium through which I release my enthusiasm and stored energy. Perhaps one would say how someone interested in math, a subject involving hard, strenuous exercises, be equally interested in sports. My answer to that is the sensational Barclays Premier League, which I have been following since 2001. If we notice, as I have mentioned earlier, everything is related to math. Little do we notice that with 20 teams, each to play the other twice the selection for total number of matches is 20P2/2 or 20C2*2.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Hunting essay Essay Example for Free

Hunting essay Essay The morning was cold and dark as I crept through the familiar terrain towards my favorite hunting spot. After getting situated in my tree stand I patiently waited for the woods to light up. As the glowing sun started to rise, nature began to come to life. The birds were chirping, squirrels were out looking for their nuts and I was patiently waiting to see a deer. This was the first day that I got the chance to take my brand new Browning deer rifle into the woods. Not long after greeting the rising sun I heard the familiar and non-mistakable sound of a deer quietly walking through the woods. I could tell it was getting closer so I stealthily picked up my gun and scanned the woods looking for any movement that would give away the position of the deer. Finally I saw him, a good looking six pointer. As I steadied my aim I squeezed the trigger and sent a bullet flying towards him. I knew I made a good shot because the deer tore through the woods for about thirty yards and crashed to his death right beside the creek. After dragging the deer out of the woods I got to brag to the rest of the guys in my hunting club. At the time it was the biggest deer that I had killed and was thrilled with it. We ate lunch then dad and I got the luxury of skinning, gutting and quartering up the deer so that the meat could be put into our cooler. Now that the first deer of the day had been cleaned, it was already time to head back to our stands for the afternoon hunt. As I climbed back into my stand, I once again got situated and pulled up my trusty new deer rifle. Nature was still very active which always makes for a good hunt. I always enjoy just observing nature while I am hunting even if I do not kill anything. About an hour had passed as I began to hear something loudly barging through the woods. It didn’t take long for me to spot the obnoxiously loud group of turkeys. As I glanced over the group of turkeys one of them stuck out like a banana on a plate full of oranges. It was an albino turkey. I wanted to shoot so bad, but at that time of the year turkey season was not in so she luckily got to scratch and dig for food with no worries of harm. After the turkeys made their way to a new spot in the woods I began to calm back down from the exciting encounter with an all-white turkey. I had never seen anything like it before. About an hour before dark nature was dead calm. There were no noises to be heard at all. As a hunter I get the feeling when something is about to happen. It is my sixth sense. After a short time had passed, I would say thirty minutes I heard the soft, carefully placed footsteps that only a deer can make. I looked over my right shoulder and immediately sighted the big bodied whitetail walking towards me through a hardwood thicket. I cautiously stood up and got my gun ready for the shot because I knew this deer had to be a buck due to his enormous body size. I put my scope on the open spot where he should have walked out. When he entered the shooting lane the first thing I saw through my scope was a large set of shining antlers. As my heart began to beat even faster buck fever took over me. I swung my scope to his body and centered the crosshairs dead on his shoulder. I squeezed the trigger once again and made another great shot. The deer dropped right in his track with all four legs tucked in under his body. I was so enthused that I immediately called my dad who answered his phone asking me right off hand what I had killed. Still shaking with excitement I managed to get out the words really big buck, come quick and look at this deer. I rapidly climbed down out of my stand and walked up to the deer with a huge grin on my face. Dad got there shortly after and saw the deer. I honestly think he was happier than I was on my great, successful hunt. We got our four-wheeler and got this deer out of the woods. When the rest of the guys in our hunting club saw the deer they were in awe at the size of it as well. It was a nine point buck with a twenty inch spread and his most unique feature was the five inch drop tine that hung down from his left main beam. This is still my most successful hunting trip yet and I still have the title to the largest deer that has been killed in our hunting club. Since this was the first day that I had taken my brand new Browning a-bolt deer rifle chambered in the 300 wsm cartridge, I gave it the name of ol’ faithful. Still to this day just thinking about that evening puts a huge grin of success on my face.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Thomas Batemans Ten Years Diggings :: Anglo Saxon Essays

Thomas Bateman's Ten Years' Diggings Benty Grange, Derbyshire, 1848 May 3rd,- It was our good fortune to open a barrow which afforded a more instructive collection of relics than has ever been discovered in the county, and which surpasses in interest and remains hitherto recovered from any Anglo-Saxon burying place in the kingdom. The barrow, which is on a farm called Benty Grange, a high and bleak situation to the right of the road from Ashbourne to Buxton, near the eighth milestone from the latter place, is of inconsiderable elevation, perhaps not more than two feet at the highest point, but is spread over a pretty large area, and is surrounded by a small fosse or trench. About the centre and upon the natural soil, had been laid the only body the barrow ever contained, of which not a vestige besides the hair could be distinguished. Near the place which, from the presence of hair, was judged to have been the situation of the head, was a curious assemblage of ornaments, which, from the peculiarly indurated nature of the earth, it was impossible to remove with any degree of success. The most remarkable are the silver edging and ornaments of a leathern cup, about three inches diameter at the mouth, which was decorated by four wheel shaped ornaments and two crosses of thin silver, affixed by pins of the same met al, clenched inside. The other articles found in the same situation consists of personal ornaments, the chief of which are two circular enamels upon copper 1 3/4 diameter, in narrow silver frames, and a third, which was so far decomposed as to be irrecoverable; they are enamelled with a yellow interlaced dracontine pattern, intermingled with that peculiar scroll design, visible on the same class of ornaments that figured in Vestiges p.25, and used in several manuscripts of the VIIth Century, for the purpose of decorating the initial letters. The principle of this design consists of three spiral lines springing from a common centre, and each involution forming an additional centre for an extension of the pattern, which may be adapted to fill spaces of almost any form.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Benefits and Concerns of Surveillance

Many of us go about our day with little thought we are being watched. We take our privacy for granted. In some instances where we go or what we do is recorded by CCTV cameras. These little cameras housed in a black round domes seem to be everywhere hanging over our heads. Are they invading our privacy? Are they there to protect us? There is always a debate discussing the benefits and concerns of surveillance. What is surveillance? Surveillance is a French word meaning â€Å"watching over†. It is also the monitoring of activities and behaviours of people usually individuals or groups from a distance. It is used by government agencies and law enforcement to maintain social control and prevent criminal activity. Surveillance come in other forms than a CCTV camera. There is computer surveillance, Telephone surveillance, Biometric surveillance, aerial surveillance and more. With the increasing speed of computers and the internet it is not only the government and private corporations watching us it is also ourselves. Our culture has changed dramatically over the past two decades. It used to be personal hand held video cameras that recorded those family milestones such as a baby’s first step or a birthday. Now the personal video camera has now turned into the instrument to catch the unexpected, but not in our personal life but the public. So not only has surveillance invaded our privacy we have also made it a part of lives to use surveillance on others. There are many benefits and concerns to surveillance. The debate is what are the true benefits and concerns of surveillance in our society? Audio & Biometric Surveillance  Audio surveillance has been a major component in surveillance monitoring since wiretapping began on telegraph lines. Audio surveillance became more difficult with the introduction of the telephone, as the rate of information increased dramatically. Audio surveillance has become easier with the advancements in recording ability and computing power. Traditionally telephone calls had to be listened to live and transcribed to paper. Today human agents are not required to monitor calls. The first Speech-to-text machines was introduced in 1952, but was restricted to recognizing spoken numbers. Almost sixty years later software now creates readable text from intercepted audio and is then processed by automated call-analysis programs (Charles Piller, 2002). Audio surveillance provides raw information for investigations and has been successful for many law enforcement agencies. In the united states agencies have million dollar contracts that require phone companies to keep all call records easily searchable and accessible (Singel, 2007). The private sector benefits in audio surveillance by using software programs in cal centers that isolate phrases used frequently. These trends can be used by analysts to identify potential problems so actions can be taken. These early identifiers can help reduce call volumes, improve the bottom line, and greatly increase customer satisfaction (Wint). Software based audio surveillance provides a certain amount of privacy. The entirety of an audio recording might be available to listen to, but the huge amount of audio information being produced today means that software has to be used to search for key words. This helps introduce a level of privacy for the public and also gives the general public a higher level of safety. Law enforcement agencies and direct their man power to calls with repeated illegal activity instead of jeopardizing the privacy of the public. With increased power comes increased responsibility. The software searching through audio is controlled by humans, this introduces concern on privacy. Operators could use these systems for their own benefit instead of the greater good of a company or nation. Biometrics is the study of measurable biological characteristics (Random House Dictionary). Biometrics is concerned with the analysis of biological data obtained from video, audio nd even physical data. Face, fingerprint, retina, signature, veins, and voice recognition are all examples of biometric identification schemes (Random House Dictionary). Biometrics really helps to enhance current surveillance technologies. It allows for the automated identification of individuals. Automated identification is the major benefit and also the biggest concern. Currently biometrics is used to track and quickly identify targets and it’s argued that they are completely useless without a well constructed threat mode to track. (Biometrics: Who's Watching You? 2003) The biggest current threat with using biometrics is the assault on individuals to gain secured access with a biometric device (Biometrics: Who's Watching You? , 2003). For example, in 2005, Malaysian car thieves cut off the finger of a Mercedes-Benz S-Class owner when attempting to steal the car. (Kent, 2005). Video & Electronic Surveillance After taking root in the late 19th century video surveillance started as an all analog video surveillance system, also known as closed-circuit television monitoring. The transmission distance was not too far and mainly used for small scale monitoring. Today’s digital equipment has given birth to intelligent analysis technology that is able to provide more substantial results, such as motion detection, face recognition and target tracking with the capability to transmit over great distances in virtually any setting. Likewise the advancement in computer technology has opened opportunity for other means of electronic surveillance. One example is data tracking, sometimes referred to as data logging, which is the ability to capture information such as places of preferred visit, individual purchases, telephone activity, choice of TV programming and internet websites of interest to name a few. Chuck Huff writes â€Å"with technology comes knowledge and with that comes responsibility†. So is today’s surveillance responsible or are we inadvertently stepping the boundaries of acceptable supervision? Yes one could argue the whole point of surveillance is to keep us safer from those in society who could potentially hurt us. Might it be a true statement to consider the fewer cameras there are, the higher chance of crime happening. Unfortunately surveillance cameras are not able to prevent the crimes or stop the criminals. Yes, cameras can make us aware but unfortunately don’t protect us. Consider the privacy impact on both cameras and data logging. The laws that most affect the legality of using these types of surveillance are personal privacy laws that limit the collection, use and disclosure of individuals’ personal information, this law is PIPEDA (personal information protection and electronic documents act). Cameras in public areas like parks tend to make the laws outlined in PIPEDA seem opaque and unclear. If cameras are put in public areas doesn’t that now make it a private area because the whole idea of being watched is added in? This is of course if we accept public areas defined as that which is open to all persons. So if we put more surveillance in a grocery store, does it become a private venue? No, it does not. In the same way, employers using cameras, blackberry surveillance software, listening to live calls, GPS tracking, secretly reading text messages and viewing call logs in the workplace doesn’t mean that it’s an invasion of privacy or illegal; it just means that the use of surveillance in the workplace is subject to restrictions. In the end, just because people don’t like being watched doesn’t mean we sacrifice our inherent rights as a society to have safety, security and stability. Society must also consider the impact of surveillance on individual perception. There is the potential that added surveillance in a neighborhood will cause communities to lose money and possibly raise taxes, which makes the community less popular. Yet cameras and data logging violate the country’s Privacy Act, because it records the actions of thousands of people in public areas / spaces without there being any reasonable grounds that a criminal act is occurring. Society can’t help but ask, when does surveillance inadvertently switch from supervision to â€Å"snoopervision†? Ultimately the use of technology has outpaced Canada’s privacy laws, especially in a post September 11th, 2001 world where security concerns threaten individual rights. Conclusion Surveillance technology compositions such as audio, video too much more complex system such as data tracking and biometrics offer great importance to national security, public safety and overall protection of people from harm. These surveillance systems also neglect individual freedom and right to privacy. Surveillance technology protects society against child molesters, terrorist attacks and destruction. But at the same time these technology is used to neglects individual rights by tracking everyone’s actions which intern harms society because they do not protect people’s privacy. There are benefits and concerns of using surveillance system because different situation compels us to take measures that can protect or neglect society as a whole.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Picasso

I have studied Picasso work because it is simply spectacular. The way he makes the cubists painting is amazing, he can show more than Just one viewpoint in a single angle which makes the painting that much better because it is like an entire book in a single picture. The layers and colors that express the emotions of this Weeping Woman are shown so clearly. The expression ‘Cry my eyes out' She literally cries her eyes out, they pop out of the eye socket. Cubism is a type of art technique that allows you to see more than one viewpoint of he picture from Just a single angle; so you see the emotions that she is expressing.By 1937 the great Weeping Woman' was established by Pablo Picasso. He made this picture as a representation of a weeping woman living in Spain during the civil war. Picasso was from Spain although he lived in France; he wanted to express his feelings and perspective on how the civil war has affected those living there. The Weeping Woman displays what it clearly s tates, a sad, a weak and worried woman however I believe strongly that there is more to this than Just being sad. The first feature I notice is her eyes.The way the both engage towards the audience as they were looking at someone and telling them to feel her pain as so the people of Spain. As well as this, her eyes seem to be falling out of her sockets, which could suggest that she has been ‘crying her eyes out† this is linked to the civil war reaction that Picasso is trying to show the audience. Following this, it has come to my attention that beneath her eyes are running tears displayed in cold colors, he has used cold lords to imply that this is not warm a warm and cheerful painting, in fact he wants to make her look isolated and alone.The running tears look endless as they have been thee for a long time and have frozen so therefore they have become like freezing icicles leaving her with sore eyes. The woman's mouth is drooping down whilst biting an extremely distress ed tissue at the same time. This action of the Weeping Woman connotes that she is either anxious or nervous, on top of that the coloring of the tissue is the same colors as the tears; this may be because the issue holds many tears and memories she cannot let go of.The coloring of her skin is varied between yellow and green, which could propose that she may be ill or feeling sick, anxious or nervous because of hearing bad news to do with the civil war. This links to her clothing as she is wearing all black, which symbolizes death, and that maybe she will be attending a funeral. Her clothing including her hat suggests that she is very wealthy. Finally the background is emblematic of the Spanish flag, which resents his patriotism to his country, this shows that Picasso still has connections with Spain even though he is living in France.My favorite type of art is Abstract mainly because you can take something so simple and distort it to make it something no one has ever discovered. This is why I truly love the Weeping Woman because in my opinion it displays pure imagination, individuality and a unique interpretation of art seen from his eyes. Following this I also find the Weeping Woman extraordinary because the way he has placed all angles and viewpoints onto a flat piece of paper really makes you stop and think about what he is trying to portray through his work; it doesn't Just present itself it lets you see the portrait from the point of view you like best.My cubist painting could consist of only 3 things. Half of my face would be red for my bad (devil) side and blue half of my face, for the calm chilled (angel) side. And my final point could be a complete dark black background, this symbolizes that there is absolutely nothing there, so there is nothing that can get in my way of what I can achieve. Picasso I have studied Picasso work because it is simply spectacular. The way he makes the cubists painting is amazing, he can show more than Just one viewpoint in a single angle which makes the painting that much better because It Is like an entire book In a single plectrum. The layers and colors that express the emotions of this Weeping Woman are shown so clearly. The expression ‘Cry my eyes out' She literally cries her eyes out, they pop out of the eye socket.Cubism is a type of art technique that allows you to see more than one viewpoint of he picture from Just a single angle; so you see the emotions that she is expressing. By 1937 the great Weeping Woman' was established by Pablo Picasso. He made this picture as a representation of a weeping woman living in Spain during the civil war. Picasso was from Spain although he lived in France; he wanted to express his feelings and perspective on how the civil war has affected those living there.The Weeping Woman displays what it clearly s tates, a sad, a weak and worried woman however I believe strongly that there Is more to this than Just being sad. The first feature I notice Is her eyes. The way the both engage towards the audience as they were looking at someone and telling them to feel her pain as so the people of Spain. As well as this, her eyes seem to be falling out of her sockets, which could suggest that she has been ‘crying her eyes out* this is linked to the civil war reaction that Picasso is trying to show the audience.Following this, it has come to my attention that beneath her eyes are running tears displayed in cold colors, he has used cold lords to imply that this is not warm a warm and cheerful painting, in fact he wants to make her look isolated and alone. The running tears look endless as they have been thee for a long time and have frozen so therefore they have become like freezing Icicles leaving her with sore eyes. The woman's mouth is drooping down whilst belting an extremely distressed t issue at the same tale. Hills action of the Weeping Woman connotes that she Is either anxious or nervous, on top of that the coloring of the tissue is the same colors as the tears: this may be because the issue holds many tears and memories she cannot let go of. The coloring of her skin is varied between yellow and green, which could propose that she may be ill or feeling sick, anxious or nervous because of hearing bad news to do with the civil war. This links to her clothing as she is wearing all black, which symbolizes death, and that maybe she will be attending a funeral.Her clothing including her hat suggests that she is very wealthy. Finally the background is emblematic of the Spanish flag, which resents his patriotism to his country, this shows that Picasso still has connections with Spain even though he is living in France. My favorite type of art Is Abstract mainly because you can take something so simple and distort It to make It something no one has ever discovered. This I s why I truly love the Weeping Woman because In my pollen It displays pure Imagination, individuality and a unique interpretation of art seen from his eyes.Following this I angles and viewpoints onto a flat piece of paper really makes you stop and think bout what he is trying to portray through his work; it doesn't Just present itself it lets you see the portrait from the point of view you like best. My cubist painting could consist of only 3 things. Half of my face would be red for my bad (devil) side and blue half of my face, for the calm chilled (angel) side. And my final point could be a complete dark black background, this symbolizes that there is absolutely nothing there, so there is nothing that can get in my way of what I can achieve.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Rose Symbolism in A Rose for Emily Essays

Rose Symbolism in A Rose for Emily Essays Rose Symbolism in A Rose for Emily Paper Rose Symbolism in A Rose for Emily Paper A Rose for Emily, written by William Faulkner in 1931, present marvelous characters like Emily, Homer, and the Townspeoples resemblances by the suggestive and connotative use of a rose as the major metaphor. However, as the story progresses, one feels that, this metaphors purpose reveals their mutual differences. This is fitting because Emily appears to be moral and respectable people on the surface; however, by delving deeper into the short story one uncovers her true nature, a miserable, unfriendly, and insane person. Her path coincides with Homers as their paths both strike a remarkable resemblance to that of a roses. Best described as immortal, the townspeople are shown as being pretty from far but far from pretty. From afar, Faulkner chooses the rose to represent Emily because she appears reserved and would never harm anything or anyone. One can see Emilys reclusive and subdued persona when the tax collectors come to her house, She did not ask them to sit. She just stood in the door and listened quietly until the spokesman came to a stumbling halt (426). Although she seemed peaceful, one can ascertain never to judge a book by its cover. Emily is truly traumatized by her fathers death and would not accept the fact that her father has left her permanently for another few days and due to that mental disparity, she devises a way to keep Homer with her permanently, even though he would not be alive. (Wallace, 106-7) Such as a rose has thorns when examined closely, so Emily displays this same attribute in her own life. When people came to get her father, she said to them, Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead (428) When people gave her their condolences, she would reject them as a result of denying the otherwise obvious truth. Her fathers death was a disturbing experience and ever since that day, she has had problems letting go and is scared to lose another loved one. (Schwab, 215-17) This obsession with never freeing herself from another person is one of her many major faults. From this flaw, emerges a new vigorous thorn. Due to this psychological imbalance of not being able to let go, she decides to poison her next love, Homer Barron. Homer inspects Emily and finds a special poisonous thorn that pierces him and ends his life: her insanity. Unfortunately, she is obsessed because she fears that he will leave her as her father and all male figures had in her life had. Her refusal to let go of loved ones drives her towards insanity. The reader sees a side of her that is completely unexpected when she says to the pharmacist, I want some poison, she said to the druggist. She was over thirty then, still a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eye sockets as you imagine a lighthouse-keepers face ought to look. I want some poison (431). Similar to the thorns of a rose, Emily is capable of being horribly vicious. In order to introduce this somber tone, Faulkner illustrates the extent of her insanity and portrays her unhealthy mindset. (Blythe, 49-50) After the thorns, one needs to consider Emily continuing in the same fashion as the life cycle of a rose. Emily wilts away like a rose and chooses not to re-blossom. This portrays her human mortality, and conveys to the reader that she makes mistakes like all people but to a lethal extreme. Similar to many people, she is afraid of change, but the reader must wonder if she suffers from metathesiophobia, the fear of change. As a result of this phobia she wants to hold onto the past and resorts to an extreme act of killing Homer in order to appease herself from this fear. (West, 148-50) She eventually died as well. When the townspeople discovered Emily lying dead in her bed, the people noticed something interesting next to her. We noticed that in the second pillow was an indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair (432). In attempt to display Emilys reluctance to change, Faulkner infers that the iron-gray hair is in reference to Homer. She is not the only one who shrivels, but Homer does as well. As in real life, when one receives an actual rose, it shrivels up not long after. Initially it is a romantic gesture but after the rose dies, the effect of the gesture slowly wears away. Homer is similar to a rose in the sense that soon after he went into Emilys life; he is poisoned, shrivels like a rose, and is utterly forgotten by the townspeople. This is a representation to the reader that Homer is mortal as well and cannot be reborn. The town, on the other hand, rejuvenates itself because even if one man dies, somebody else will be born. The town is not a single rose but a garden of roses and cannot shrivel. The rose displays the immortality of the town. If one rose were to die, the death of the rose will not have such an impact on the beautiful garden because there are new roses emerging everyday. For this very reason, Emilys death did not have such an effect on the town. She is just one rose of an entire garden. Therefore, she is A rose and not The rose. The townspeople are also far from pretty because they appear sincere by going to Emilys funeral when, in fact, they are only going because they are curious to see her house. The first sentence of the short story starts off with the words, When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house (425). If they were not shallow, they would have given her The rose instead of A rose. The A from A Rose for Emily is also symbolic and Faulkner is trying to deliver a message to the reader by using an A rather than a The. He is conveying that Emily only deserves one rose from the town because she does nothing for the new generation of the town, except cause problems by not moving and let that block be turned into other cotton fields. (Adams, 121-24) Besides for Emilys house, there were But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emilys house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores(425). The townspeople gave her one rose because it is the towns custom and not because they actually cared enough for her to pick a unique rose. When she was Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town (426). If the title started with a The instead of the A, it would have meant that people care for her and consider her to be somebody of importance to them. The A represents Emily to be indefinite and generic. Ms. Emily used to wear white dresses, which symbolize innocence, but she begins wearing black clothes, much like a mourners style of dress, after Homer presumably disappears. Emilys change in appearance shows that she has become soiled in some sense. Ray West further supports this theory. Emily had not always looked like this. When she was young and part of the world with which she was contemporary, she was, we are told, a slender figure in white, as contrasted with her father, who is described as a spraddled silhouette. Even after her fathers death, [She] looked like a girl with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows sort of tragic and serene. The suggestion is that she had already begun her entrance into that nether-world (a world which is depicted later as rose-tinted) (149) Faulkner uses a rose as a device to symbolize all three main characters; Emily, Homer, and the towns people. The rose is the perfect word for what symbolizes all three of the main characters, and it alerts the reader that Emily and the others can be very different from what one expects throughout the story. Faulkner decided to use an A in the place of a The for a greater effect and a deeper meaning. Emily is A rose. Adams Richard P. Faulkner: Myth and Motion. Princeton, N. J. : Princeton University Press, 1968. 121-24 Blythe, Hal. Faulkners A Rose for Emily. The Explicator. Washington D. C. : Heldref Publications, 1989. V. 47. 49-50. Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford-St. Martins P, 1993. Schwab, Melinda. A Watch for Emily. Studies in Short Fiction. Ed. Michael J. OShea. Columbia, SC: The R. L. Bryan Company, 1991. V. 28. 215-217. Wallace, James. Faulkners A Rose for Emily. ’ The Explicator. Washington D. C. : Heldref Publications, 1992. V. 50. 106-7. West, Jr. , Ray. Atmosphere and Theme in Faulkners A Rose for Emily. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Sheila Fitzgerald. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc. Book Tower, 1989. V. 1. 148-50.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Cómo consultar fácil estado solicitud visa americana

Cà ³mo consultar fcil estado solicitud visa americana Cualquier persona puede consultar el estado de todas las visas no inmigrante que ha solicitado recientemente o en el pasado ingresando a una pgina oficial del gobierno de Estados Unidos. Este artà ­culo, que aplica a visas no inmigrante como la de turismo, intercambio, inversià ³n, estudiante, trabajo temporal, religiosos, etc. muestra cà ³mo saber el estado de la solicitud y todos los tipos de respuesta que se pueden obtener y quà © significan.  ¿Quà © se necesita para verificar estado de solicitud de visa? Antes de empezar con el trmite es necesario tener a mano el cà ³digo de barras que se imprimià ³ tras realizar la solicitud de visa por internet mediante el formulario DS-160. A continuacià ³n, introducir en esta pgina del Departamento de Estado ese nà ºmero y el nombre de la ciudad donde se realizà ³ la entrevista, si à ©sta ya tuvo lugar, o donde se realizar, en caso contrario.  ¿Quà © resultados se pueden obtener al verificar el estado de tramitacià ³n? Aparecer una pantalla en inglà ©s donde lo importante son cualquiera de las siguientes palabras: No Status. Quiere decir que se ha realizado la solicitud pero todavà ­a no ha comenzado su tramitacià ³n dentro del sistema de visas. Dependiendo de la Embajada o consulado puede demorarse. Ready. En estos momentos la tramitacià ³n est en marcha. Pronto tendr lugar la entrevista y la toma de huellas digitales. Si ya tuvo lugar o no es necesario, volver entrar al sistema dos dà ­as ms tarde para darle tiempo a actualizar el estado. Administrative Processing. En ocasiones y por razones varias una solicitud de visa no es ni aprobada ni negada. Simplemente se considera que es necesario hacer ms comprobaciones. En estos casos pasa a una situacià ³n de procedimiento administrativo. El tiempo que se puede prolongar va desde unas semanas a incluso meses. Mientras tanto, el solicitante no puede hacer nada. Si la oficina consular necesita documentacià ³n adicional, la pedir. Issued. La visa ha sido aprobada y est o bien en su à ºltima fase de gestià ³n o en proceso de envà ­o. Una vez que aparece esa palabra, si no se recibe el pasaporte con la visa estampada en à ©l en el plazo de diez dà ­as, consultar con la Embajada o consulado a cargo del trmite. Muchos consulados y embajadas de EE.UU. utilizan el servicio de mensajerà ­a de DHL para enviar los pasaportes con las visas estampadas en los mismos. El solicitante de la visa debe recogerla en la oficina de DHL que designà ³ en el momento de hacer la peticià ³n. Si no lo hace dentro de plazo, la visa ser regresada a la delegacià ³n consular y, si no se reclama en el plazo de un aà ±o, ser anulada. Refused. La visa ha sido negada. Si el visado es negado no es verdad que se pueda apelar la decisià ³n del oficial consular. Las solicitudes de las visas no inmigrante se pueden rechazar por dos grandes categorà ­as: inelegibilidad o inadmisibilidad. Estas son las 20 causas ms frecuentes  por las que el solicitante es inelegible. Adems, hay que tener en cuenta estas 22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. Para evitar perder tiempo y dinero –ya que es necesario volver a presentar una solicitud nueva y por lo tanto pagar de nuevo la tarifa de $160–, es muy recomendable saber cul fue la causa del rechazo. Y segà ºn sea analizar si es posible aplicar con à ©xito o no. Por ejemplo, si el problema fue que no se demostrà ³ con à ©xito lazos econà ³micos y familiares en el paà ­s de origen lo mejor esperar a que se produzca un cambio en la situacià ³n del solicitante para tener ms à ©xito. Por ejemplo, tener un buen trabajo, haber formado una familia, propiedades, empresas, etc. En otras palabras, todo lo que sirva para que el oficial consular no sospeche que la razà ³n para solicitar la visa sea ingresar en EE.UU. con el fin de trabajar y/o quedarse en el paà ­s ms tiempo que el autorizado. Sin embargo, si se rechazà ³ la solicitud porque con anterioridad la persona estuvo en Estados Unidos ilegalmente en Estados Unidos despuà ©s de cumplir los 18 aà ±os de edad por ms de 180 dà ­as, tendr un castigo que le impide regresar al paà ­s por tres o de 10 aà ±os, segà ºn las circunstancias. Otras situaciones que pueden dar lugar a problemas muy graves en la solicitud de la visa son la pertenenciaa  las pandillas, el trfico de drogas, el mentir en una aplicacià ³n para la visa o presentar documentos falsos, ya que se considera que es un fraude de ley, etc. Cabe destacar que en casos muy particulares es posible pedir un perdà ³n para visa no inmigrante.  Cuando se solicita la visa que se rechaza el oficial consular puede sugerir pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso, cuando crea que el solicitante reà ºne los requisitos para que el mismo le sea concedido. Puntos clave: Cà ³mo comprobar el estado de solicitud de la visa americana En la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado www.ceac.state.gov es posible rastrear el estatus de la visa no inmigrante que se ha solicitado. Es necesario tener a mano la hoja de confirmacià ³n con su cà ³digo de barras que se tuvo que imprimir cuando se inicià ³ la solicitud de la visa mediante el formulario DS-160.En el rastreo pueden aparecer cinco resultados: No status (sin estatus), Ready (preparado), Administrative Processing (en proceso administrativo), Issued (emitida_ y Refused (rechazada).Las visas no inmigrante se rechazan por dos grandes categorà ­as de causas: inelegibilidad e inadmisibilidad. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Working with Leading People for a Business to Be Successful Essay

Working with Leading People for a Business to Be Successful - Essay Example For instance, many giants succumb to poor management hence losing their client base and impact in a market. Therefore, the recruitment process is very delicate, as it becomes a company’s navigating factor and foundation. In essence, improvement on the standard level of Delicious food entails the application of various influential factors. Majorly, effectiveness and competency in the selection process are inevitable, as the overall task requires utmost sobriety. In addition, the process needs to be vigorous with every shortlisted candidate aiming to outdo the other for them to get the managerial position advertised. Primarily, the experience possessed by these candidates will not be very substantial during the selection procedure. The most suitable candidates will be those with high prospects of bringing fresh and innovative ideas on the expansion of Delicious Food’s market presence will be high. The objective of this paper shall be to state the selection process by givi ng all that is required in order for the company to achieve its ultimate objective. Steps in the selection process Recruitment a) Job advertisement: Do you possess what it takes to be a team player? Are you the result-oriented kind of leader? Then Delicious Food Company is looking to collaborate with you to venture in to wider markets. If you have these attributes kindly, send your application and resume to our recruitment desk for your chance to be part of this great process. Remember you need to stand out for us to notice that you have what it takes us to bring you aboard our stable. b) Question segment: i. Describe yourself in a way that another person would view you. ii. Kindly discuss a situation in relation to your previous job responsibility as to how you were a team player and not a boss. iii. Do you have any firsthand experience in the development and oversight of new projects? iv. How would you adapt to changes in the event that they occur and how will you spearhead your t eam in to smooth adaptation of the change? v. How would you handle a member of staff whose output adds little value to the company? In line with Delicious Food Company’s mission of rolling out new branches countrywide, the managers will have to prove to the recruiting body that they are capable of building a project from scratch then nurture it to maturity. The task will be enormous, as it will entail them to begin a branch and ensure that it realizes profit. In essence, each will have to give a detailed plan of the steps that they intend to follow ensure that their individual branches realize profit. Therefore, for the recruitment department, it will be more on innovativeness rather than value addition. Competition among the shortlisted individuals will assist the department in identifying those who are most viable and able to perform. Ideally, effectiveness of the process will rely on giving each candidate the opportunity to exhibit his or her full potential hence making it a credible process. Legally, it would be risky to enroll the services of individuals without conducting intense background checks. Subsequently, the Human Resource department will scrutinize whether these candidates have acted out any form of fraud or whether they are on the police’s list of the most wanted. Essentially, doing this check will save Delicious Food Company from being in any legal suit. In addition, the shortlisted individuals should point out what their intended pay will be to avoid any legal confrontations once in office. Ethically, the moral aspects set by society have to come into play by carefully factoring the candidates’ states and conditions. Emphasis should be on avoiding any form of discrimination during the process as it may attract unintended lawsuits. Arguably, the

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Discuss and explain the conceptual link between the principles of Essay

Discuss and explain the conceptual link between the principles of effectual entrepreneurship and the resource-based view of strategy - Essay Example It might represent an essential change in philosophy for some companies, so strategists must be skilled to expect and constructively reply to issues and questions as they arise (Foss 2011). In the long run, strategic management is about maintaining and creating a sustained competitive advantage (SCA). Strategies might be demarcated as plans for developing SCA. Therefore, SCA is the main thing that scholars of strategic management seek to clarify. It is defined as the organizational ability to build and appropriate more value than the opposition on a continuous basis. However, it must be noted that a firm having an SCA does not mean superiority in economic performance; instead SCA is a possibility for such a performance, which might or might not be realized. Entrepreneurial organizations vary in form and constituent from their enormous and well-established counterparts. Alternatively, they are viewed as more practical, better risk-takers, and not as much official than their big counterparts. Instead, they suffer or at least appear to, from their distinctive features of smallness and newness. Being small and new, they time and again lack the necessary resources to develo p and survive competitive advantage. We can examine the exclusive characteristics of the entrepreneurial organizations through two distinct theoretical lenses, namely the resource-based view and resource dependence theory (Peng 2001). In the present version, the resource-based view of strategy is considered by finding the potential to build and appropriate more value than the opposition to the resource benefits of organizations and the features of these sources. It focuses on competitive advantage created by the organization from its distinctive set of resources. An organization is said to possess a competitive advantage when it is executing a value constructing a strategy that is not executed by any potential or current

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

International politics, Movie Analysis Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International politics, Analysis - Movie Review Example They should have known that for monistic states, the international law that protects humanity is directly translated and incorporated into the national law and should be applicable (Bradley 1). Moreover, the truth is that the judges should have known better and understood international law since they were already educated adults by the time Hitler was rising into power (Bradley 1). These judges during the Hitler’s regime were bounded by the love for their country. This is shown in the movie when Hitler announced that all Jews would be destroyed, they as judges who knew the law also stood down (Bradley 1). The truth of the fact is that the outcome of this military tribunal was very important. It was a test case to show that national and international law against humanity is powerful and applicable to anyone. It will send a strong message to all government officials whose work is to enforce the law to do so with international law appealing before making final verdict against the accused (Bradley 1). There was need to value for human life as a judge (Bradley 1). According to the movie, the judges had sentenced 99 people to life imprisonment and there was not a single one who was serving the trial. This calls for the pardon granted to them by the military tribunal that had been formed to explore the crimes committed against humanity during the Hitler regime. The military tribunal was specifically formed to try top war criminals, political and military leaders of the third Reich (Bradley 1). The tribunal operated under the Control Council Law No.10 at the US Nuremberg Military tribunals (Bradley 1). In summary at the end of the movie, judge Janning confessed after being found guilty that as Judges of the time they had no idea that mass execution would erupt as a result of their ruling (Bradley 1). He also confessed to have realized for the

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Principle-agent Problem in Shareholders and Managers

Principle-agent Problem in Shareholders and Managers This essay identifies the principle-agent problem between shareholders and managers. It also overlooks UKs corporate governance compared to Germany and Japan. Furthermore effectiveness of UKs system will be analyzed amid recommendations to reduce the vulnerability. Economic theory speculates that a firms goal is to capitalize on shareholders wealth; achievable with entrepreneurial firm since owners are managers. However, ownership nowadays is significantly diluted, with companies owned by large shareholder groups. This causes the separation of ownership and management which hinders the relationship between shareholders and managers; where managers replace shareholders interest with their own. This may be due to information asymmetry  [1]  where managers have the power to act in accordance to shareholder needs. This is known as the agency problem and is common in modern corporate. Under this theory the relationship is formed through a binding contract whereby principals (shareholders) appoint the agents (managers) to execute services with authority to make decisions. However such contracts are imperfect as the impracticality to include every action of the agent whose decisions has an impact on their and the principals benefits. Thus, self interested behaviour arises in organisations as the interest of both parties diverges, i.e. principals interest regards maximisation of shareholders wealth (profit maximisation) whereas agents interest lies in own utility maximisation (bonuses/promotion). Shareholders permit managers to run the firms assets; resulting in a conflict of interest. The fundamental problem therefore is to align the interests of both parties. Furthermore, principals expect board of directors to base their decisions on maximising equity value. However the board of directors expect managers to follow strategies that support their goals. This situation illustrates that shareholders have no direct input into the operation and therefore have no power to tell managers what to do. This issue arises because of the separation of ownership and control and therefore managers are able to pursue goals beneficial to them and unfavourable to shareholders. Overall, detachment between the two parties increases lack of goal congruence. The question arises as to why shareholders do not monitor management? There are three reasons why taking control causes difficulties. (1) Expensive to monitor managerial activities as obtaining information is difficult (2) disgruntled shareholders are unable to pose threats in order to reduce undesirable managerial behaviour i.e. hiring an outside member and (3) dispersed shareholders have an incentive to free ride. Keasy et al 1997 regards the above as economic costs to monitoring. These limitations pose problems for shareholder wealth since undesirable managerial actions takes place in the absence of control. Shareholders may introduce incentive packages which include profit related bonuses, performance, promotion incentives and encourage employees to buy shares which increase their wages, to encourage agents to make optimal effort. Due to the above problems, nations have developed systems which carry out independent monitoring and control of the firm in order to align the overall goal. OECD 1999 stated that corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation, and spells out the rules and procedures for making decisions on corporate affairs. By doing this, it also provides the structure through which the company objectives are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance. In UK capital markets play a vital role where share prices advocates performance levels. Managements focus is to maximize shareholders wealth through the use of independent board of directors. The fear of takeover bids forces management to undergo effective actions. Approximately 50% of shares are held by institutional investors indicating dominant ownership. Cadbury Report 1992 states large proportion of shareholder ownership influence companys actions. In 2008 the Financial Reporting council developed the Combined Code i.e. various reports/codes pertaining good corporate governance. The most influential is Cadbury Report 1992  [2]  , was produced as the lack of monitoring management activities caused several scandals whereby executives acted in their interest. Initially, Polly Peck  [3]  went into liquidation after years of false accounting leading to scrutinizing of the financial aspects and accountability. However after the scams of BCCI and Robert Maxwell, they revised the relationship between boards, auditors and shareholders. The final report states CEOs and Chairmans of companies should be separated. Jenson 1993  [4]  states that if roles were mutual, conflict of interest would arise. Furthermore, 3 non-executive directors, two of whom should be independent  [5]  and an audit committee involving non-executives should be included. Companies were encouraged to follow these practises alongside the code of best practise which outlines other areas of concern. However the one size fits all problem was recognised by Cadbury causing all companies registered in UK to follow the comply or explain system. Companies should comply with corporate best practise or have legitimate reasons for non-compliance. Furthermore, the board must offer a full explanation to shareholders and explicate how their practises are consistent with shareholders. Its acceptable only when shareholders believe good governance has been achieved. Greenbury committee, formed to evaluate directors remuneration packages and the lack of disclosure of payments in the annual reports, commenced over publics anger regarding increases in executive pay. The report added to the Cadbury Code and advised (1) each board include a remuneration committee involving independent non-executives briefing shareholders annually and (2) directors should have LT  [6]  performance related pay, all disclosed in the annual accounts. Moreover, progress should be reviewed every 3 years to ensure companies are operating effectively. The Hampel committee  [7]  formed in 1998 suggested all previous principles should be collaborated into a Combined Code. Furthermore, the chairman of the boards should act as the leader, investors should consider voting the share and all remunerations information including pensions should be disclosed. The Turnbull Committee, created the next year, advised that directors should be held accountable for internal financial and auditing controls. Several reports have contributed to the Combined Code namely the Higgs review outlining the actions of non-executives. More recently, after the collapse of Northern Rock and the financial crisis that followed, the Walker Review formed a report concerning banking sectors. The Financial Reporting Council produced a new Stewardship Code in 2010. Germanys corporate system is mainly stakeholder oriented and diffuses away from shareholders interests. The objective is maximising stakeholder value thereby revealing several distinctive differences. Firstly, the banking sector is a major stakeholder. Charkham (1994) stated that banks hold a dominate position in financing and supervising companies for numerous reasons. (1) During 1870 companies were heavily reliant on credit. Banks began offering LT loans to LT clients who tied the companies, obtaining ownership and acting as shareholders within industrial firms. (2) Banks hold 25% of voting capital in large corporations and 28% of seats on the supervisory boards. (3) Banks are shareholder representatives, authorised to vote for their shares plus proxy shares  [8]  , giving further control. Consequently companies are unlikely to face takeovers, since banks will support them through financial hardships unlike in the UK. Secondly, co-operative culture is articulated under the Co-determination Act 1976 whereby workers obtain significant roles in the management process; known as work councils. Work council staff influence business actions and partake in decision making processes. Employees (elected by work councils) sit on the supervisory board when a firm has more than 2000 employees alongside shareholder representatives. This system reduces workforce conflicts by improving communication channels, increase bargaining power of workers through legislations and finally correct market failures. Overall productivity levels increase, with low levels of strikes as better pay and conditions entailing good industrial relations. Finally, Germany involves a two tier board compared to UKs one tier board. It includes a management board (Vorstand) where managers monitor daily operation and conduct of the firm. Plus a supervisory board (Aufsichtsrat) involving only non-executives  [9]  who monitor the management board responsibilities and approving decisions. Separation of the two increases the awareness of individual responsibilities and helps prevent management abuse. The downfall is having worker representatives on the supervisory board as they will opt for decisions beneficial for employees rather than company. For example closing down a factory may deem good for the company however problematic for redundant employees, making it is difficult to work in the best interest of the company. Germanys corporate system lies heavily on good industrial relations which considers its company, employees and public. It shows corporations are a social institution rather than an economic one as it does not put financial value for shareholders at the top of the list of policy objectives  [10]  . Shareholders are seen as one of many stakeholders and not just a privileged constituency. The Japanese corporate governance revolves around banking relations like Germany along with life time employment. There are prominent features including the intervention of government and close alliances between government and companies. Business and industrial activities are monitored by the Japanese Ministry of Finance, involving them in the management and decision process. Japanese corporate rely on main banks  [11]  which are all interlinked with firms, forming a concentrated ownership (shareholders). Prowse 1992 states that individuals hold 26.7% of a firms equity while corporations hold 67.3%. Unlike western countries, Japanese banks can hold equities up to 5%. The argument is by acting as lenders and shareholders, conflict of interests of debt providers and equity will be eradicated. Moreover banks hold these equities for long periods, building a LT banking relationship unlike UKs transactional banking. Furthermore, they are involved with the internal management by obtaining seats on the board of directors. They actively contribute in the decision process and act as insurers for companies entering financial difficulties i.e. bankruptcy or takeovers. Like Germany, banks form LT contracts with companies based on financial services and supervision and act as representatives for other shareholders through proxy votes. One major distinction in Japan is the Keiretsu system. Companies form close alliances mainly between banks, businesses and the government, by working towards each other success. The role of the government became important when they intervened in 1990s as Japan suffered a recession. The government wanted to restore the economy through its policies and regulations by improving the corporate governance to stimulate growth and investment. Germany and Japan both work toward the interest of the company and workers as a collective. However Japans board structure is different as all members consist of former employees excluding outside directors apart from bank officials. The boards have more members than UK and Germany as some companies have over 60 directors. This proves very effective as no domination of directors occur. According to Allen and Gale (2000), focusing on stakeholders rather than solely on shareholders, societies resources are being used efficiently as employees, suppliers and customers are taken into account. This enhances productivity, thus generating higher profits, benefiting the firm and shareholders. Since 1990 the UK have implemented many policies reforming the management and governance of companies. These range from codes, reports, regulation and legislations; but how effective are they? To ensure company interests are aligned with shareholders, UK has imposed various committees to monitor the effectiveness. For example, audit committees review audits annually and overlook financial relationships between companies and auditors. Nomination committees administer human resources and plans future directors. Compensation committees examine management actions and daily operations. Moreover the existence of institutional investors has its advantages as investing in firms they have incentive and motivation to monitor them. This leads to high performance levels which reduces agency costs. However, companies practise ST  [12]  profit maximisation without LT planning making companies underperform, therefore investors sell their shares and exit rather than voice their discontent (occurs mainly in Germany). Overall UKs approach in monitoring company interest is effective as companies have majority of existing shareholders through the need of committees. The Code of best practice gives shareholders confidence that companies are operating with high levels of transparency during decision making processes. From this, the comply or explain system was created, whereby some freedom is left for companies to make effective decisions. The gains from this is that (1) managers and shareholders follow the LT interest of both the company and owners (2) distinguishes the culture barrier individual firms face since there are different levels, size and ownership of companies, whereas code of best practice instils one size fits all rule. Moreover, codes are more effective than regulations as companies can grow whereas enforcing strict internal controls companies are limited to procedures. Furthermore, codes tackle more softer problems relating to best practise compared to regulations i.e. training and supporting directors in their role. The Cadbury Report reflects the above whereby The effectiveness with which boards discharge their responsibilities determines Britains competitiveness position. They must be free to drive their companies forward, but exercise that freedom within a framework of effective accountability. This is the essence of any system of good corporate governance. For this system to work effectively shareholders require full disclosure to facilitate them in their decisions and having rights when dissatisfied. Consequently companies must disclose information in their annual reports stating how they have applied the combined code and giving shareholders voting rights to discharge directors. All these requirements are set out under the company law making the system successful since it was adopted in EC  [13]  and included in the EUD  [14]  in 2006; outlining same principles. Empirical evidence show that UK has drawn close to the concept of good corporate governance. According to the FTSE ISS Corporate Governance Index and Governance Metrics International Reports, the UK has the highest average governance score out of all the countries. Moreover 94%  [15]  of UK pension Funds considered corporate standards in the UK has developed exceptionally. The following reforms revolve around two primary issues (1) lack of separation of management and control and (2) dilemma faced by non-executive directors in terms of monitoring. Accordingly UKs current reforms indicated the need for independent non-executive directors to minimise conflicts otherwise present. However, the disadvantage regarding this independence is, there is less incentive to spend a sufficient amount of time controlling company issues because they have no direct relationship with the company. In addition, doubts on how much knowledge they acquire also poses a problem. One possible pivotal solution that could be incorporated into UK governance is increasing the frequency and duration of board meetings. Company information is very broad and complex especially relating to LT financial performances, competitive position and organisational structure. Therefore it is vital that directors assign more time to assess the information and deem upon past decisions and events. It is recommended that directors meet on a monthly basis for continual supervision and allow directors to address all areas and ask specific questions that affect the future of the company. There are issues surrounding this proposal for example, preparation, however the more frequent the meetings the less time needed to prepare as oppose to the time needed for meetings held every quarter. Moreover, meetings should not be limited to a time schedule but rather should last until all aspects are covered. This method is very flexible for example meetings could last more than one day when a co mpany is in a difficult situation. The advantage is that opinions will be shared more openly and allows non-executive directors to be more involved; this should be carried when discussing the long term corporate strategy. Another solution is altering the composition of the board. In the Combined Code section A.3.2 it pronounces that at least half the board, excluding the Chairman, should comprise non-executive directors determined by the board to be independent. This does not specify the maximum number of seats in total. Therefore it is advisable that the fewer directors, the more likely that each director can play a dynamic and imperative role. The recommended number should consist of eight to ten directors in total. This is so that there is enough variety and sufficient array of viewpoints. When there are more than ten or twelve members on the board, there will be a free rider problem where some directors will stop preparing for meetings and rely on the work of others resulting in topics not being discussed in depth. Finally UK should consider adding a supervisory board like Germany and Japan as this will allow wider diversity among the decision making processes. Moreover it will reduce abuses from dominate directors since there is constant revision of management performance. Overall UK should cease to improve existing polices and the challenge lies in keeping UKs corporate governance an asset rather than a liability for companies.